Company formation in Poland

Situated at the crossroads of Europe, Poland is a country with a lively and dynamic economy that has emerged over the last decade or so as a promising destination for entrepreneurs willing to establish their businesses. Its stable economy, strategic location, skilled workforce, and supportive business climate-all make Poland an attractive place for setting up companies by local and international investors alike. From this point of view, this paper presents a step-by-step review of how one can initiate a business venture in Poland. The stages and useful information one needs to consider in establishing a business in Poland are discussed herein.

Before proceeding with the steps for incorporation, it would be necessary to glean as much information as possible about the business environment in Poland. The latter boasts of a robust and growing economy, a well-diversified market, and an increasingly competitive business climate. Its main industries are IT, manufacturing, finance, and agricultural sectors. Such an in-depth study would need to include market research and identification of your target audience and competition to set a base for success.

Entrepreneur may conduct business in a few forms: as a sole proprietorship, limited liability company, a joint-stock company, and partnerships. Each of these forms has certain advantages and disadvantages in respect to liability, taxation, and administrative requirements. Because of that, it would be recommended to consult lawyers and financial experts in order to choose an appropriate legal form for your ideas and needs. According to the opinion of our company, the best way to begin business is to set up a limited liability company: sp. z o.o.

Advantages

Companies are registered in Poland according to the following stages

It is also necessary for foreign entrepreneurs to have a PESEL number, just like obtaining the NIP, or Tax Identification Number.

The company should also be registered in the National Court Register, KRS.

This involves preparation of the company’s articles of association, appointment of company authorities, and opening of a bank account. This would also constitute following legal and regulatory requirements for businesses in Poland.

The Polish taxation system is based on corporate income tax, value-added tax (VAT), and personal income tax. The tax legislation of Poland can be identified with a plethora of implications for businesses with regard to the payments, remittances, and deductibility of many types of transactions. This could considerably have an influence on financial planning. Therefore, employers can seek the services of qualified accountants or tax consultants who have adequate knowledge and resources to help them make the most of this difficult task.

Setting up a company in Poland opens up opportunities for every eager entrepreneur. Yet, success depends on good preparation, observance of the legal requirements, market insight, and utilization of resources and available support. These steps, if followed in the right manner with occasional expert advice, will easily get an entrepreneur through into the journey of success in business ventures in Poland’s growing economy.

Experienced team

The qualified and competent personnel ensure a high level of legal and accounting services. The strength of our team is experienced legal, corporate, and financial services, and accountants authorized by the Minister of Finance of the Republic of Poland to provide accounting services.

Flexibility

Our Company provides legal services within the territory of Poland, in accordance with our clients’ needs. The scope of services offered is prepared with regard to the needs and expectations of our customers. We also seek solutions for optimal cooperation. To provide our services at the highest level, we continually cooperate with external auditors, lawyers, and tax consultants.

100% privacy

We take full responsibility for the services provided and guarantee confidentiality for our customers. Personal data provided by the customers in the registration of the company and other legal services are used only for these purposes. All information provided is stored on protected media. For us, it is very important to keep our clients’ privacy on a high level on the basis of our GDPR policy.

Individual approach

We provide services of the highest quality thanks to qualified, experienced staff of licensed accountants and lawyers. To provide services, we assign a special team that deals with client’s affairs in a comprehensive manner. This solution provides a personalized approach and allows the customer to be in direct contact with qualified people who are aware of the company’s activities.

What types of companies exist in Poland?

There are several types of companies in Poland, each with its own particularities, requirements for founders, authorised capital, taxation and management. Here is an overview of the main forms of entrepreneurship available in Poland:

Individual entrepreneur (Jednoosobowa działalność gospodarcza)

This is the easiest and most common way to run a business designed for a single owner. It requires no initial capital. Individual entrepreneurs operate in their own name and are fully financially responsible with all their property.

Civil law partnership (Spółka cywilna)

A simple form of co-operation between two or more entrepreneurs that does not require registration with the National Court Register (KRS). It is based on a contract and is mainly used for small businesses. The participants are jointly liable for the obligations.

Limited Liability Company (Spółka z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością, sp. z o.o.)

The most popular form of legal entity for small and medium-sized businesses. It requires a minimum authorised capital of PLN 5,000. The founders are liable only to the extent of the contributed capital. Ideal for entrepreneurs who wish to limit their personal financial liability.

Joint Stock Company (Spółka akcyjna, S.A.)

Designed for large businesses with a minimum authorised capital of PLN 100,000. Allows to attract investments through the sale of shares. Shareholders are liable only to the extent of their shares.

Spółka komandytowa (Spółka komandytowa, sp.k.)

Combines elements of a legal entity and a partnership. Has at least one seconder (investor) whose liability is limited to the invested capital and one complementer (manager) who has unlimited liability.

Professional partnership (Spółka partnerska)

Designed for members of the free professions (doctors, lawyers, architects), it allows them to join forces without the need to set up a limited liability company or joint stock company.

Spółka komandytowo-akcyjna (Spółka komandytowo-akcyjna, S.K.A.)

Combines the elements of a commandite company and a joint-stock company. It has shareholders instead of teamsters, but retains the role of a complementary company.

Each of these forms has advantages and disadvantages that should be taken into account when choosing the most suitable structure for doing business in Poland. The decision should be based on the size of the company, future plans, willingness to be financially responsible and other key factors.

Table with current tax rates for companies registered in Poland in 2025. This data will help to get an idea of the tax burden on business in Poland.

The following table summarizes the key tax rates for companies in Poland. However, it must be noticed that tax laws change, and various reliefs and exemptions may apply based on the type of business, size of the company, and other issues. It is always a good idea to consult with an accountant or qualified tax advisor here in Regulated United Europe about specific information and guidance.

What is the size of the authorized capital of a company in Poland?

The form of the legal entity chosen will determine the amount of the authorized capital in Poland. Authorized capital means such an amount which is provided by the founders at the time of incorporating the firm. The amount is supposed to ensure the financial stability of the firm and cover the costs of its start-up. Let us consider now how much the authorized capitals for the most common types of companies in Poland are:

Selection of the legal form of the company and the ‘optimal’ authorized capital represents an important phase of business planning in Poland. Smaller authorized capital can attract start-ups and small businesses, while large companies and projects requiring big investments and presupposing high financial risks would prefer forms with higher levels of this parameter. Anyway, the choice shall be reasoned by the strategic goals of the business, its scale, and specifics of the activity.

Does a company in Poland have to have a local director?

Polish law does not provide that a company must be managed by a local director. In no legal forms, be it a limited liability company as known by sp. z o.o., or a joint stock company as known by S.A., does the law show that one of the directors or management board members must be a Polish citizen or have a place of residence within the country.

 

Limited Liability Company (sp. z o.o.)

The statute, in the case of sp. z o.o.-the most popular form of doing business among subjects being SMEs-allows for the appointment of non-Polish residents as directors, board members. More important is the general criterion of a director’s suitability for the post, i.e., not having a criminal record for economic offenses.

Joint Stock Company (S.A.)

In the case of a joint-stock company, there is no such requirement about the nationality or residence of the members of the management board. There is, on the other hand, an important aspect of the fact that the company’s registered address should be in Poland and it should be possible to carry out management activities in the interest of the company within the country.

Benefits of owing a local director

While it is not necessary, but having a local director will be helpful in several ways: it improves the communication with local authorities and banking institutions; better understanding of the local market and legislation; and simplifying the process of the company’s registration and subsequent conduct of business.

On the whole, doing business in Poland doesn’t require the involvement of any local director, and that is what makes this country so appealing for foreign investors. At the same time, having a person in your team who understands the local market and the legal environment is a big plus in terms of effective management and business development.

What are the state fees for establishing a company in Poland?

In the process of company formation in Poland, entrepreneurs are obliged to pay several kinds of state fees and charges, whose amount may vary depending on the legal entity form and the registration method. These fees are statutory ones, payable as reimbursement of costs incurred by the state authority for processing the documents and entering the information into the corresponding registers. Now, the specific attention deserves the cost of registration for the most common company types in Poland.

E-registration

It should be underlined that making use of the system of electronic registration via the Internet – S24, intended to make the establishment of companies simpler, the amount of state fees may be reduced. E.g., for a sp. z o.o. electronic registration reduces the fee for making an entry in KRS to PLN 250.

The most important financial planning involves the state fees, and their amount is a significant part of the financial planning of setting up a company in Poland. Though the figures here are current at the time of my last update, it is always advisable to check current information immediately before incorporation, because the rates can be subject to change. Apart from the state fees, one should also take into consideration another probable legal and consulting fee, as well as depositing the authorized capital.

How much does it cost per year to maintain a company in Poland?

Basically, the annual cost of maintaining a company in Poland depends on many factors, such as type of company, size of business, turnover, number of employees, and the industry where the company operates. In the further text, we will try to explain the main aspects and the costs the company may encounter while doing business in Poland in order to explain annually the maintenance cost of the same company.

Authorised capital

The authorised capital is not a recurring annual cost, but an essential factor in establishing a company. Different types of legal entities impose different minimum requirements, e.g., for Spółka z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością (sp. z o.o.) – 5,000 PLN and for Spółka Akcyjna (S.A.) – 100,000 PLN.

Registration fees and state charges

These are one-time fees charged at the time of incorporation. However, depending on the field of activity, companies can also be required to pay certain fees for amendments of the registration data or for obtaining specific licenses and permits.

Taxation

• Corporate Income Tax – CIT: The standard rate is 19%, while a reduced rate of 9% applies for small businesses for the first few years of operation.
• Value Added Tax (VAT): The VAT rate in Poland is 23%, with reduced rates for certain goods and services.
• Local taxes and fees: Such as property tax, vehicle tax.

Accounting and auditing

The prices for accounting services may vary by several factors, like the size and difficulty of a company’s operation. Small businesses can expect to spend within the range of 500 to 2,000 PLN a month for accounting services, with large companies having a high volume of transactions or international operations paying much more.

Legal services

The annual cost of legal services depends on the specific nature of the business and the need for advice in narrow fields. Regular legal support can amount to several or tens of thousands of PLN every year.

Office expenses

Another influential factor in yearly costs consists of office rent, utilities, internet and telephony. Renting may mean a different cost depending on class, size and location of the office space.

Salaries and social contributions

The employee salaries, along with the obligatory social contributions paid by the employer, make up a substantial share in the company’s expenses. The Polish employer is obliged to pay social contributions from employees, adding to labor costs approximately 20-30% on average.

The annual cost of maintaining a company in Poland depends on many variables and can vary considerably. It is important that one should carefully plan for all upcoming expenses and consider both fixed and variable costs in the course of doing business. Industry specifics, the size of the company, and the scale of its operations play a key role in shaping the overall cost picture.

What are the key advantages of setting up a company in Poland?

Setting up a company in Poland gives a lot to entrepreneurs and foreign investors, and this country is considered one of the most attractive places to do business. Let’s see some of the key advantages that can encourage choosing Poland as a place of company development.

Setting up a firm in Poland offers a number of important advantages for entrepreneurs: the strategic geographical location, attractive tax policy, developed infrastructure, access to skilled labour, a dynamically developing market, and an improved business environment. All the reasons mentioned above make Poland one of the most attractive investment and business development destinations in Central and Eastern Europe.

What ways are there to set up a company in Poland?

It is possible to establish a company in Poland within different frameworks, each having particular characteristics, advantages, and serving specific purposes. The identification of the most appropriate way to set up depends on many factors: the size and type of the proposed business, the number of founders, the required authorized capital, and a host of other important factors. Let’s look deeper into the main ways of establishing an entity in Poland.

Registration as an individual entrepreneur

This is a process that has been designed to be the quickest and most efficient way of starting a business in Poland. It is intended for single entrepreneurs. To be registered, one needs to turn to the Central Register and Information on Enterprises – CEIDG, which is also possible online. Individual entrepreneurs pay income tax and are entitled to choose the most favourable system of taxation.

Establishment of a limited liability company Spółka z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością, sp. z o.o.

The most popular form among small and medium-sized enterprises is Sp. z o.o., as limited liability is ensured for founders. It is registered through the system of the National Court Register-KRS, and the minimum authorized capital amounts to PLN 5,000. There is a possibility to implement the registration in an online system- S24, thanks to which the registration will be performed more quickly and be easier.

Formalizing a joint stock company Spółka Akcyjna, S.A.

A joint-stock company is suitable for large businesses or when investments are to be attracted through a public offering, and the minimum authorized capital should be at least PLN 100,000. S.A. also registers its business through KRS, but in a more cumbersome manner that requires drafting the articles of association and creating the founding committee.

Spółka Komandytowa (Spółka Komandytowa, sp.k.)

A teaming society would be suitable for partners who have a wish to share responsibility and contribution to the business. This would imply that one or more have limited responsibility while others-the complementarians-full responsibility. This format can be applied to business projects in which there will be some division of roles and responsibilities between partners.

Notarisation of documents

For instance, in this case, the statutory documents for sp. z o.o. and S.A. should be notarized. This requires personal presence of founders or their official representatives and also involves additional expenses.

Registration with the relevant state authorities

After drafting and authentication of all the documents, the company shall be properly registered in KRS. Moreover, it should be registered in the tax office, ZUS, and the statistical office to get an identification number given to each of these entities.

A variety of facts influence the type of company setup in Poland, from the size of the firm to the number of founders, the field of activity, and financial possibilities. Every mentioned way has its characteristics, documentation requirements, and terms. Therefore, such great investigation of all opportunities and, if needed, consultations with legal and financial experts are so important in order to choose the best way for your business.

Does an entity need to have a registered office in Poland?

A legal address is the so-called ‘legal’ address, which plays an important role in the process of registration and further operation of a company in Poland. A legal address not only fulfils the legal requirements but also stands for an important element of interaction with state authorities, clients, and partners. Let’s take a closer look at why having a legal address in Poland is mandatory and what functions it fulfils.

Legal requirements

According to Polish law, every firm registered in Poland is obliged to have a legal address in Poland. This address is put into the National Court Register (Krajowy Rejestr Sądowy, KRS) and serves as the official address of the firm for the legal, fiscal, and correspondence purposes.

Legal address functions

• Registration and Legal Processes: It finds application on the registration of the company and in all legal documents, contracts, and licenses.
• Tax Liabilities: A registered office is important in determining the tax jurisdiction of the company as a way of managing its tax affairs. It determines the tax office at which the company will be accounted and pay taxes.
• Corporate correspondence: It receives official correspondence from government agencies, banking and financial institutions, as well as from partners and customers.

Making Sure You Have a Legal Address

• Rent Office Space: The company can rent office space for use as their registered office. This method is quite traditional but more costly for those just starting a business or with small enterprises.
• Service: Companies can employ the services of a virtual office at lower costs. Services involved in this may include providing a registered office address and, more importantly, other services like mail receipt and telephone services.
• Address of the promoter or director: Sometimes it is easy to use the residence address of the promoter or one of the directors as the registered office of the company; that is, of course, provided all the terms and permissions are in place for them to do so.

Having a registered office is an indispensable part of setting up and conducting business in Poland. The address of the registered office is not only a duty stemming from the law but also one of the most important elements of tax planning, legal defence, and corporate image. A decision on the optimum variant for obtaining a legal address shall be made with consideration of both financial capability and strategic objectives of business.

Is it possible to open a branch office of a foreign company in Poland?

Opening a branch office of a foreign company in Poland is feasible and often profitable for expanding business into the Polish market, as well as further expansion into Central and Eastern Europe. Poland attracts foreign companies with its strategic location, developed infrastructure, and skilled labour force. In this article, we will take a closer look at the key aspects related to opening a branch office of a foreign company in Poland.

Legal aspects

The branch of a foreign company in Poland is treated as its branch without legal personality. It means that the branch acts according to the legal status of the parent company and performs business activity for and on its behalf, having the foreign company fully liable for the activities of its branch.

Branch registration

In order to open a branch office in Poland, you should proceed with the subsequent steps:

Taxation

A branch of a foreign company in Poland is liable to income tax only based on the income obtained within Poland. The income tax rate is the standard 19% or 9% for small companies under particular conditions. Additionally, the branch is under an obligation to perform all VAT obligations provided that the branch will carry out VATable activities.

Advantages of opening a branch in Poland

• Access to the European market: Poland is a member of the European Union, thus access to the single European market is easy to get.
• Economic stability: Poland’s economic growth is stable, which creates a favourable environment for the development of business.
• Skilled labour: Access to highly qualified but relatively inexpensive labour resources.

Opening a branch office of a foreign company in Poland will be a strategically favorable decision, enabling the enterprise to expand its business and strengthen its in-country positions within European markets. Careful preparation for this process should be done in compliance with Polish law on the registration with the relevant state authorities, including the fulfillment of fiscal obligations. Considering all the factors and with proper planning, even a branch of a foreign company will be able to develop in the Polish market and seize every advantage that is offered by it.

Can a foreigner open a company in Poland?

Foreign businessmen have huge possibilities for different kinds of business in the country. Poland is considered to be one of the attractive countries because of its strategic place in Europe, stable economy, well-skilled labor force, and relatively low costs of doing business. The article considers how a foreigner can open a company in Poland, which reveals the key aspects and requirements of the above-mentioned process.

Steps for establishing a firm by a foreigner in Poland

Taxation

The foreign companies operating in Poland are obliged to pay the taxes of the income earned within the country. Their main taxes are a corporate income tax of 19%, a reduced rate of 9% for small businesses at least for the first few years, value added tax, and other local taxes and levies.

Advantages opening a company in Poland for foreigners

• Access to the European market and an opportunity to use Poland as a strategic base for business expansion to the east and west
• Comparatively low costs of doing business when compared to other EU countries
• Highly qualified local labor with great qualifications
• Stable economy and supportive business environment

Opening an agency or a firm in Poland by foreigners is not only possible but can also be very strategic and advantageous for many companies. Thanks to transparent and relatively uncomplicated procedures for registration, and thanks to the favorable economic and tax environments, Poland offers foreign investors attractive conditions for the development of their businesses. It means that one should be aware of all the requirements and procedures and, in case of need, get advice from local experts if one wants his business to be successful.

Is it possible to obtain a residence permit by setting up a company in Poland?

Setting up a company in Poland by foreigners may create the ground for an application for a residence permit and opens up opportunities for entrepreneurs not only to conduct business activity but also for long-term residence. The process comprises several crucial stages and requires great attention to the preparation of the required documents, as well as observance of certain conditions. Below we will overview how incorporation of a company in Poland may contribute to obtaining a residence permit.

Grounds for Obtaining a Residence Permit

A foreign citizen can apply for a temporary residence permit in Poland if he/she intends to conduct business activity in the territory of Poland and demonstrates proof of the economic viability of such an activity and the positive impact it will have on the economy of Poland. Such proof includes a business plan, proof of sufficient funds for the investment and operation of the business, and the potential for creating a job opportunity for citizens of Poland.

The process for obtaining a residence permit

Important aspects and recommendations

• Business Plan: It is significant that the elaboration of a business plan be done with proper care, in order to show its feasibility and the positive impact it would have on the economy of Poland.
• Financial strength: One has to prove the finance availability at the sufficient level to commence the business, manage it and provide one’s personal support as well.
• Legal support: It is recommended to use the services of professional lawyers or consulting agencies specialising in immigration issues and starting a business in Poland, in order to avoid mistakes in the application process and to speed up obtaining a residence permit.

A company established in Poland by foreign entrepreneurs may be the ground for obtaining a temporary residence permit and opens wide perspectives for business development and life in the country. It is prepared very carefully and with strict correspondence to Polish law demands. It will allow a foreign entrepreneur who has obtained a residence permit to conduct business activity in Poland and benefit from all the advantages of living in this country.

What does the articles of association of a firm registered in Poland include?

The Articles of Association of a company registered in Poland are among the documents very important determining the structure, aims, and ways of performing the activities of a firm. It plays a very relevant role in the management and operation of the company by providing legal support to its actions. Under the Polish law, the Articles of Association are to be drafted, with there being certain obligatory sections to be included in every document of this kind. Let’s see what should necessarily be provided in the articles of association of a firm in Poland.

Name and location of the company

The name shall include the legal form of the company and shall be mentioned in the Articles of Association along with the address of the registered office. All these details are used for its official registration and identification with state authorities.

Objectives and subject matter of the activity

The Articles of association should contain a detailed description about the objects for which the company was established along with its major area of operation. The listing of an economic activity which is being targeted by the company can also be included here. Such a description will enable the domain of the business and its major areas of development to come into focus.

Authorized capital

A company, be it spółka z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością (sp. z o.o.) or spółka akcyjna (S.A.), has to define the Statutes of a firm, specifying the amount of share capital, the method of its contribution, and the form in which such contribution was made. Share capital is divided into shares or stocks, and Statute of Incorporation must specify the number and nominal value for these accordingly.

Governing body

The statutes set out the framework for corporate governance, including the composition and powers of the management organs such as the shareholders’ meeting or shareholders’ meeting and the board of directors or management board. It sets out the formalities applicable to meetings, decision-making, and other procedural matters.

Rights and obligations of participants

The articles of association include the rights and responsibilities of the shareholders or members in terms of profit distribution and membership entrance and exit. It also specifies responsibilities.

Reorganization and Liquidation

The articles of association also determine the terms and procedure for the possible re-structuration or dissolution of the company, including terms about the procedure regarding distribution of assets in case of dissolution.

Other Provisions

Besides the sections mentioned above, the charter can include other provisions regarding the details of the business, additional obligations and rights of participants, details of profit distribution, and so on, depending on the peculiarities of the business and the needs of the founders.

One of the most significant documents that needs to be drafted and signed upon the registration of any company in Poland is the Articles of Association. The preparation of such a document must not only follow in detail the provisions specified under the Polish law, but also fully comply with the specific requirements and goals of one’s business. The Statute does not only determine the organizational structure of the company, as well as the rules of its functioning, but it’s also an indispensable tool for the protection of rights and interests of its members.

How long does it take to set up a company in Poland?

The time of the registering process depends, among other things, on the selected legal form of a company, preparation of the necessary documents, and efficient cooperation with the Polish state authorities. In this article we will look at the different stages of the company incorporation process and how long the entire process may take.

Choice of Legal Entity Form

This means that the first step is to choose a legal form of business suitable for such activity, chosen among those existing. The most common legal company forms in Poland are the following: a sole proprietorship-one-person business-jednoosobowa dzialalność gospodarcza, a limited liability company-spółka z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością, sp. z o.o., and a joint stock company – spółka akcyjna, S.A. That choice depends on the scale of the business, the number of founders, the future plans, etc.

Preparation and submission of documents

After choosing the form of the legal entity, it would be necessary to prepare the appropriate set of documents. In the case of sp. z o.o., for example, there will be a requirement to have on hand the memorandum or articles of association, information regarding the founders and directors, proof of payment of the authorized capital, and other documents. The preparation of the documents may take from several days up to several weeks, based on the complexity and requirements.

National Court Register – KRS

It is also necessary to enter the firm into the National Court Register, which may take from several days up to several weeks. To speed up the registration proceedings, you may use the S24 system that will make it possible to register your sp. z o.o. online. Even then, however, you have to consider the time needed for the preparation and submission of all the required documents.

Obtaining identification numbers

Upon registration in the KRS, there is a further need to obtain a tax payer identification number – NIP and a statistical number – REGON. This usually takes a few days up to one week.

Opening a bank account

The opening of a corporate bank account will enable the company to commence its financial operations. This process can take anything from one to several days, depending on the bank and completeness of the documentation prepared.

Total duration of the process

The whole incorporation process usually takes from 2 up to 6 weeks starting from preparing documents and finishing with obtaining all the necessary registrations and identification numbers. This is an approximate period of time because any real case may vary depending on the specific circumstances of state authorities’ workload, necessity for some additional approvals or corrections to the documents.

Establishing a company in Poland is a process which requires a thorough preparation of documents and acquaintance with local legislation. The process may seem to be long, although in fact, it’s an important stage on the way to successful business conduction in Poland. Proper planning and consultation with legal and accounting professionals will help to expedite the process and avoid various complications.

What can a company do in Poland?

In Poland, companies can engage in a wide range of activities covering almost all aspects of the economy and business. Polish law opens equal opportunities for foreign and local investors to operate in a wide range of activities—from manufacturing to high-tech services. In this article, one may find information about the key sectors and activities that companies can engage in, considering current economic trends and the legal framework.

Manufacturing activities

Traditionally, Poland was strong in the manufacturing industry: mechanical engineering, automotive, consumer electronics, and electrical engineering, chemicals. Foreign investors can establish a manufacturing plant, considering highly qualified labour and relatively lower production costs compared to the rest of the European Union.

Trade

Trade is among the most accessible and broadest activities, including both retail and wholesale trade. Many foreign companies enjoy success in retail by opening chains of shops, supermarkets, or specialized outlets. Similarly, wholesale trade offers great business opportunities, such as export and import operations.

Services

A broad variety of services are available within the Poles’ service sector: from financial and insurance services, real estate, tourism, education, medical services to IT and telecommunications, professional, scientific, and technical services. Most specifically, its IT sector develops so fast that Poland is aiming to be one of the leading places in software development and digital technologies in Europe.

Construction

Among opportunities which foreign investors may find in the Polish construction sector, the following can be indicated: housing and commercial building; infrastructure projects; specialist construction work. Active infrastructure development creates additional demand for construction and engineering services.

Energy and renewable energy sources

In a broader sense, this encompasses all sources of energy, both traditional and renewable resources such as wind and solar energy. Foreign investors can contribute to the modernization of the energy sector and the development of new renewable energy technologies.

Research and development

The R&D sector in Poland, this way, opens wide opportunities for innovative companies working on research in biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, new materials, and digital technologies, among other promising areas. Innovative projects and research receive support from the state through various funding programs and grants.

In general, companies registered in Poland can engage in all activities that give reasons to attract investors from different spheres. Flexible legislation, economic stability, and access to the European market create an attractive place for doing business in Poland. However, it is relevant to take into consideration industry specifics, local regulations, and licensing requirements for such and such activity.

Does a company in Poland need to have employees?

The question whether a firm registered in Poland is obligated to employ workers is depended, amongst others, by the type of legal form of the company, the number of workers or the area of activity, and specific legal requirements. The given article shall cover various aspects related to the employment of workers by companies in Poland in order to provide an overview of the obligations and opportunities for businesses within this context.

Compulsory employment of employees

1. Legal requirements: Within the Polish legal framework, there are no such requirements as to having employees for companies in general. Most forms of companies – like a sole proprietorship, limited liability company or joint stock company – may be conducted without the need to hire employees if the activities to be covered do not require additional staff.
2. Forms of legal entity and personnel requirements: Some specific forms of legal entities, e.g. professional partnerships (spółka partnerska), presuppose the existence of several founders with certain qualifications, but this does not amount to an obligation to have employees.

Reasons for hiring workers

1. Business expansion: Business growth and development often requires hiring additional staff to perform various tasks and functions within the company.
2. Specialized expertise: For companies operating in high-tech industries or offering special services, the availability of qualified specialists working for the company may be of essence.
3. Legislative and tax incentives: There are several tax exemptions and incentives available from the Polish government for companies that create jobs, especially within special economic zones or industries.

Requirements for employers

Employers in Poland are obliged to draft employment contracts, pay at least the minimum salary, maintain proper working conditions under health and safety laws, and make social and tax contributions.

Outstaffing alternatives

1. Outsourcing and freelancing: Other organizations can provide the company with certain services while the companies hire self-employed workers who will undertake the job so that direct hiring can be avoided.
2. Temporary labour utilisation: Firms can hire temporary manpower for projects, which are time-limited, through employment agencies.

While Polish law does not put an obligation on companies with regard to having employees, business needs or development strategy may justify the hiring of staff. In such a case, when expansion in the workforce is contemplated, all labour laws and social security requirements would have to be considered. Companies seeking flexibility may look at other alternatives for work to be performed by outsourcing or through freelancers.

How to choose a name for a company in Poland?

Naming a company is crucial in Poland at the establishment stage of an enterprise, as the name provides the first impression and is very important from the point of view of branding and marketing strategies. While choosing a name, one has to think of both marketing and legal aspects of such naming. The paper is intended to provide some basic directions of naming a company in Poland, which shall turn the company into a recognisable one and simultaneously compliant with legal requirements.

Setting up a company name in Poland entails both marketing issues and legal ones. Choosing the right name will mean much for business success, so as to be recognizable and distinct from any competitor. Such choice is worth considering in the process of careful research of possible names with respect to uniqueness, whether they fall under some kind of legal protection, and assessing how “catchy” and memorable they would be to the target audience.

 Business Register in Poland

In Poland, this business register is called the National Court Register, or in Polish – Krajowy Rejestr Sądowy (KRS). These are incorporated into the legal and economic system of Poland. In the Registry, the transparency of the business climate is ensured while ensuring the accuracy of the data provided about legal persons: companies, foundations, and other organisations. The purpose of this article is to take an in-depth look into the structure, functions, and process of registration with KRS, together with the relevance of such a register to carry on business in Poland.

Structure and Functions of KRS

KRS is kept by the Ministry of Justice of Poland and is a central system that stores information about all legal entities and organized parts of legal entities registered in Poland. The main sections of the register are as follows:

• Section I: Companies and other legal entities.
• Section II: Partnerships.
• Section III: Other entities, including foundations, associations and other organisations.

Registration with KRS endows a legal entity with the legality of doing business, the right to the name, and to be a party in judicial and administrative proceedings.

Registration Process of KRS

The process leading to registration with KRS usually involves:

1. Preparation of Documents: To incorporate a company, you have to prepare the necessary documents. The incorporation documents include founders’ resolutions, information about directors and managing directors.
2. Application: The registration application, together with all the documents required for the given type of entrepreneur, is filed to the competent court. The application can also be submitted using the electronic system.
3. Publication in the Official Gazette of Poland, Monitor Sądowy i Gospodarczy: Upon registration, the information of the company is published in the Official Gazette.

Importance of KRS to conduct business

Registration with KRS is not only a formality to carry on business but also has a host of advantages ensuing from this in the following way:

• Legal protection: The registration guarantees protection of the firm name and its legal form.
• Transparency: KRS enables access to reliable information concerning business partners and allows safe business operations.
• Trust: Customers, partners, and investors trust registered companies much more.
• Tender participation: Only registered companies can participate in state and municipal tenders.

KRS plays a great role in the legal and economic life of Poland, securing transparency and accessibility of information on legal entities. This process needs serious preparation to be performed in accordance with all requirements of the law. Successful registration opens the company to a wide range of opportunities for the development of its business, enhances its prestige, and expands its commercial relations.