Crypto License in Slovakia
Despite the lack of regulation, Slovak jurisdiction boasts a number of advantages that are attractive to cryptographic enterprises wishing to obtain a license in a European jurisdiction. If you wish to take advantage of the low costs of establishing a company, a competitive and business-friendly tax regime, the services of nominee directors and shareholders, the absence of restrictions on foreign property and employees, as well as the highest level of productivity in Central and Eastern Europe, read on to learn how to become a licensed crypto business in Slovakia.
The AML/CFT rules are implemented by the Slovak Financial Intelligence Agency, which has developed and implemented strict controls on cryptocurrency transactions. This body exercises strict control over cryptographic companies and is authorized to request relevant reports containing detailed customer information, which helps to build confidence in Slovak crypto companies.
The National Bank of Slovakia (NBS) is responsible for maintaining a stable monetary policy and supervision of participants in the Slovak financial market. Although at present authorities are not authorized to control cryptographic asset providers through the issuance of a license, even if the cryptocurrency activity refers to traditional means of payment (for example, exchange for fiat money)He recognized various cryptographic assets.
NBS defines cryptocurrencies as cryptocurrencies, or digital assets that are based on cryptography, decentralized, and that usually use blockchain technology. Other terms include electronic coins or tokens. Mining is explained as the process of creating cryptographic assets.
Cryptocurrency Licence in Slovakia
Cost of cryptocurrency license
PACKAGE «COMPANY & CRYPTO LICENsE IN SLOVAKIA» |
- Setting up of the company with preparation of all legal documents and power of attorney for 1 year
- Review of the business model and the structure of the Cryptocurrency Company
- General counselling (5 hours)
- Obtaining Crypto licence and
- AML, KYC policy, terms of service
- State fees
- Notary fees
- Attorney fees
- Contact person throughout process
- Assistance in opening a bank account for cryptocurrency companies
Legal Services for Crypto Projects | 1,500 EUR |
The following types of cryptographic assets are distinguished:
- Virtual assets can only be used as a means of exchanging fiat currencies and other virtual assets or as a means of paying for goods and services, and no rights attached thereto
- utility tokens – can be used for future purchase of services or products provided by the issuer of markers
- Investment markers may entitle the holder to participate in the management process or to receive assets (future profits) received by the issuer of the tokens
Initial Coin Placement (ICO) is defined as an alternative method of financing, which is an innovative way to attract capital from the state to fund specific individuals’ projects. To do this, electronic coins and tokens are issued and offered to the public in exchange for fiat money or virtual assets. These transactions are mostly online.
The NBS has recently introduced a regulatory system whose main objective is to promote innovation across the country by testing innovative products and facilitating cooperation between market participants and other relevant organizations. The stakeholder database serves this purpose by providing access to the contact details of a number of companies under NBS control.
If you want to test your innovative cryptographic product or service in a controlled environment or get guidance on a specific issue, you can apply on the NBS website. These criteria include features and innovations, knowledge of the applicable regulatory framework and benefits for customers and the Slovak commercial system.
Blockchain Slovakia is another organization created to support the development of companies whose business models are based on blockchain technology, including cryptocurrencies. It facilitates cooperation among researchers, developers, entrepreneurs, regulators and investors to develop technical, legal and regulatory solutions.
Advantages
Low cost of setting up the company
Cryptoassets are not considered as financial instruments or securities
Fast project implementation time
Possibility to buy an off-the-shelf solution
CRYPTO LEGISLATION IN SLOVAKIA
As a rule, the law applied by the NBS does not define or regulate cryptographic assets and related economic activities unless they are covered by any other regulatory framework developed for the financial market.
The NBS and other national authorities refer to EU and national legislation to decide whether each individual commercial case may fall within the definition of electronic money, financial instruments or other regulated units. However, the existing types of authorizations granted by the NBS (for example, a license to trade in foreign currency or a permit to issue electronic money) do not include activities in the field of cryptography.
NBS also refers to a report issued by the European Banking Authority (EBA) discussing cryptographic assets against the backdrop of EU legislation. Although the EU has yet to develop a comprehensive regulatory framework for crypto enterprises, authorities argue that there are cases where existing legislation in financial markets is being applied. For example, if cryptographic assets fall within the definition of electronic money, the Second Payment Services Directive should be taken into account.
A report published in 2019 by the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) identified features and functions of virtual assets and their possible classification.
According to ESMA, where cryptographic assets are considered financial instruments, the following EU law should apply to crypto-asset issuers and service providers:
- Directive 2014/65/EU (MiFID II)
- Prospectus regulation
- The Market Abuse Directive
- Short-sale regulation
- Central Securities Depository Regulation (CFIS)
- Final Settlement Directive
However, in Slovak legislation, pursuant to Act 566/2001 on securities and investment services, crypto-assets are not considered financial instruments or securities. If you need help in understanding the relationship between the EU and national legislation, our legal advisers will be happy to provide individual advice.
Although many aspects of regulation have yet to be clarified, you can already be sure that the EU AML/CFT legislation on cryptographic enterprises has been transposed into the national legislation of Slovakia. The last three EU directives adopted by the member country are the Fourth Anti-Money Laundering Directive (AMLD4), the Fifth Anti-Money Laundering Directive (AMLD5) and the Sixth Anti-Money Laundering Directive (AMLD6). They have established a clear legal definition of cryptographic assets, as well as a regulatory framework for companies engaged in cryptography-related economic activities.
In addition, EU authorities have recently agreed new anti-money laundering rules for crypto operations, which are expected to provide greater transparency without impeding innovation. According to the new rules, customer identities should be checked for any size of transactions between two regulated digital wallet providers. On the other hand, unoccupied private purses will remain outside the scope.
To comply with AML/CFT rules, cryptographic companies must adhere to the following principles:
- Determining the nature and complexity of cryptographic operations and types of clients in the context of relevant rules
- Development and implementation of policies and procedures to manage risks related to money-laundering and the financing of terrorism
- Ensure that personnel are adequately trained and able to navigate legislation relating to money-laundering, the financing of terrorism and the protection of data relating to the mitigation of financial crime, as well as the identification of clients and situations, high risk
- Development and implementation of CDD and KYC policies that ensure customer identification throughout the business relationship
- Implement internal procedures for the identification of political actors
- Ongoing monitoring of operations in accordance with risk assessment principles
- Report suspicious transactions and customers to the competent authorities in accordance with the national Law 297/2008 on the Prevention of the Legalization of the Proceeds of Crime and the Financing of Terrorism (Slovak AML Act)
Compliance with AML/CFT rules determines the stability of the crypto business. There have been cases where the bank accounts of Slovak cryptographic companies have been closed due to non-compliance with the legislation aimed at combating money laundering and the financing of terrorism. It is important to bear in mind that local law enforcement agencies have access to information about cryptocurrency companies and can implement stringent measures.
Crypto regulation in Slovakia overview
Period for consideration |
4-6 weeks | Annual fee for supervision | No |
State fee for application |
15 EUR | Local staff member | No |
Required share capital | 5,000 EUR |
Physical office | Required |
Corporate income tax | 21% | Accounting audit | Required |
TYPES OF CRYPTO LICENCES IN SLOVAKIA
All companies planning to offer cryptocurrencies services (involving cryptocurrencies and fiat money) or crypto purse services in or from within Slovakia must register with the Trade Licensing Bureau before starting their business in Slovakia as crypto-Related economic activities are considered regulated trade. This requirement is based on Law No. 279/2020 Coll., which is an amendment to Law No.
Based on the type of crypto activity, the Trade Licensing Authority provides the following licenses:
- license for Crypto Exchange Services for Companies That Facilitate Cryptocurrency Trading for Other Cryptocurrencies, Fiat Money, and Other Assets, Including Equipment Such as Crypto ATMs
- license for Wallet Services for Companies That Provide Services to Protect Cryptassettes or Private Cryptographic Keys on Behalf of Their Customers, or Store and Transfer Cryptoassets
Since these crypto transactions fall under the category of regulated transactions, in addition to general requirements (at least 18 years, proven legal capacity and no criminal record), crypto-entrepreneurs must meet educational and other criteria, related to financial market participants (e.g. introduction of internal AML/CFT policy and data protection models). Professional competence in regulated industries is determined by the rules laid down in Schedule 2 of the Trade Licensing Act.
A EU/EEA national or a foreign entrepreneur based in the EU/EEA who does not meet the criteria of professional competence required for participation in regulated trade such as cryptocurrency development activities, The Trade Licensing Act and other relevant Slovak laws may request the Ministry of the Interior of the Slovak Republic to compare their knowledge and skills supported by diplomas; certificates or other certificates of competence; Extradited in another member country in accordance with the relevant Slovak regulations. The process of recognition of a non-Sovac qualification may take up to three months.
CRYPTO LICENSING PROCESS IN SLOVAKIA
The licensing process usually takes four to six weeks, and if all required information and documentation is provided correctly, the Trade Licensing Authority issues a license within three working days. Any changes made to the licensee’s structure or activities should be brought to the attention of that authority. Relevant documents reflecting this change should be submitted within 15 days of its introduction.
Key steps of obtaining a regulated trade license for your crypto activities in Slovakia:
Open a company with a legal address in Slovakia
Notify the Trade Licensing Office about your intention to start a crypto business in Slovakia either at their office located in the region of your permanent residence or, if you’re not a permanent resident, at their office located in the region where your business is registered
Pay state fees via e-tax stamp, cash or bank transfer (5 EUR for unregulated trades or 15 EUR for regulated trades)
Submit an application in Slovak language either by visiting one of the local offices of the Trade Licensing Office located near your residential address or online through the Central Public Administration Portal
Required documents:
- An application form
- Articles of Association and other corporate documents
- Proof of the premises obtained for the registered office in Slovakia (a virtual office is permitted)
- It can be either a lease agreement stating the explicit business purpose or a written consent of the property owner signed by a notary
- Proof of permanent residence of company’s founders and directors
- Proof of relevant professional competence enabling the founders and senior management to carry out crypto activities
- Certificates issued by the General Prosecutor’s Office (or by the authorities of the home country) proving that the founders and senior management haven’t been sentenced for committing an economic crime or another crime related to the intended business activities (it must not be issued earlier than 90 days ago)
All the documents must be translated into Slovak language by a translator certified by the Ministry of Justice of the Slovak Republic. If you need such a service, we’ll be happy to arrange it for you.
HOW TO OPEN A CRYPTO COMPANY IN SLOVAKIA
If you wish to obtain a cryptographic license in Slovakia, you must first establish a local company governed by the Commercial Code. There was no citizenship requirement and foreigners were subject to the same rules and were entitled to the same benefits as Slovak citizens.
One of the most common types of legal structures is a private limited company, which can be established within 3-4 weeks provided that all necessary documentation is well prepared in advance.
Requirements to a private joint-stock company:
Unique company name (it is recommended to prepare three versions)
Minimum equity – EUR 5,000 (full payment at the time of registration is optional)
Director living in Slovakia or another EU country
1-50 shareholders
Local corporate bank account (requires up to two weeks to open)
The following documents are required for the establishment of a private limited liability company in Slovakia:
- Copies of identity cards (passports) of founders, directors and beneficiaries
- Confirmation of permanent residence of founders and directors (either utility bills or a document issued by the competent authorities)
- Articles of association
- Either a registration act (for a single founder) or a memorandum of association (for several founders)
- Detailed business plan including operational structure and principles as well as financial details
- Certificate of criminal record issued by the competent authorities
- Secondary education diploma and proof of other qualifications required to run a crypto company
- Apostille power of attorney if the company is registered by a third party
The main steps to be taken to establish a private limited liability company are:
- Check availability and reserve the name of the selected company in the Trade Register
- Apply for a cryptographic license at the Trade Licensing Office
- Submission of all necessary documents to the trade register
- Tax registration
- Register with a health insurance company of your choice and the Social Insurance Agency within eight days of the start of the crypto business
When a company is successfully registered in the Trade Register, an electronic mailbox (www.slovensko.sk) is automatically created on the Central Government portal. Company directors are required to communicate electronically with the national authorities and are also required to send electronic messages and notices.
You can start your cryptographic activities as soon as the certificate of registration is issued by the Trade Register.
CRYPTO TAXATION IN SLOVAKIA
All Slovak companies engaged in crypto-related economic activities must register with the tax authorities that collect and collect taxes in Slovakia. Like any other company, they can either choose a standard tax year that coincides with a calendar year or choose another 12-month period.
Slovak crypto-companies are obliged to pay the following taxes:
- Corporate Income Tax (CIT) – 21
- Value Added Tax (VAT) – 20
- Withholding Tax (GSP) – 0%-35
- Social Security Contributions (SCP) – 25.2
- Health Insurance Contributions (CHF) – 10
The tax regime of cryptocurrencies was clarified in a manual published by the Ministry of Finance in 2018. According to the authorities, income received from cryptocurrencies is taxable, and any kind of exchange associated with cryptocurrencies (for example, exchange of virtual currency for other virtual currency or goods or services) is taxable transfer. For tax purposes, cryptocurrencies are treated as short-term financial assets other than fiat money, and they are valued at market value at the time of transaction.
To ensure consistent interpretation of the taxation of income derived from the sale of virtual currencies, the Ministry of Finance has also issued amendments to the Tax Administration Act and the Income Tax Act, where the definition of virtual currencies was included in the category of other income, as well as new rules governing the taxation of income derived from the sale of virtual currencies introduced currency.
In the context of taxation, virtual currency is defined as a digital store of value that is not issued or guaranteed by a central bank or public authority. It is not normally associated with a legal tender, is not considered a legal tender, but is accepted by natural or legal persons as a payment instrument that can be transferred, retained or sold.
The sale of virtual currencies is defined as the exchange of virtual currencies for assets or other virtual currencies, or for the provision of services or virtual currency conversion.
Income is taxed from the following activities:
- Exchange virtual currencies for other types of virtual currencies
- Exchange of virtual currencies for the provision of services
- Exchange of virtual currencies for assets
- Provision of paper storage services
Under the amended Income Tax Act, some cryptographic transactions are not included in the tax base, i.e. income received from virtual currencies acquired through mining during the tax period of its use. Instead, it should be included in the tax base of the tax period of the sale of virtual currencies.
The Income Tax Act also regulates tax expenditures on virtual currencies. As a tax expense, the costs can be used to calculate the total value of the virtual currencies’ entry price in the taxable period during which they are sold, up to the amount of revenue from their sales. The entrance price of a virtual currency is the purchase price (in case of purchase) and the real value (in case of exchange of virtual currencies for other virtual currencies).
It is worth noting that Slovak crypto companies also have access to various tax benefits. For example, they may use an R&D discount of 200 per cent if R&D project expenditures can be deducted from the tax base twice.
Slovakia has about 70 international agreements on the elimination of double taxation, which allow resident taxpayers to protect their income from double taxation in different countries.
Slovakia
Capital |
Population |
Currency |
GDP |
Bratislava | 5,460,185 | EUR | $20,565 |
ACCOUNTING AND AUDIT REQUIREMENTS FOR CRYPTO COMPANIES
The Accounting Act specifies which companies are required to audit their financial statements.
Auditing is mandatory for companies that satisfy at least two of the following criteria:
- Total assets in excess of EUR 1 million
- Net turnover more than 2 million. Euro
- Average number of staff exceeds 30
In 2018, the Accounting Act was amended to establish accounting rules for virtual currencies and companies engaged in cryptography-related economic activities. One obligation is the conversion of virtual currencies into euros on accounting day.
The Accounting Act also regulates the method of estimating the so-called real value of virtual currencies. The real value of the virtual currency is the market price on the valuation day. It is determined by the accounting company using the selected public market of virtual currencies. During the reporting period, the company should use the same method of determining the real value of processed virtual currencies.
If you want to get a cryptography license in Slovakia, our team of experienced and dedicated lawyers will be happy to assist you in this process. We are well prepared to offer company creation and crypto licensing services as well as to consult you on taxation matters. In addition, if you need accounting services or virtual office, we will be happy to help. Contact us now to book a personalized consultation.
Gateway to Innovation: Securing a Crypto Exchange License in Slovakia 2024
As the cryptocurrency industry continues to evolve, Slovakia is emerging as a promising location for crypto businesses looking to expand in the European market. This article provides a detailed guide on obtaining a crypto exchange license in Slovakia, offering insights into the regulatory framework, the application process, and the strategic advantages of securing a license in this jurisdiction.
Regulatory Landscape for Crypto Exchanges in Slovakia
In Slovakia, the regulatory framework for cryptocurrencies is overseen by the National Bank of Slovakia (NBS) and aligns with European Union financial regulations. Businesses seeking to operate legally must comply with stringent anti-money laundering (AML) and counter-terrorism financing (CTF) measures.
Types of Crypto Licenses in Slovakia
Slovakia offers various types of licenses to cater to different aspects of the cryptocurrency business:
- Crypto exchange license in Slovakia: Permits the operation of platforms that facilitate the exchange of cryptocurrencies for fiat currencies and vice versa.
- Crypto broker license in Slovakia: Allows entities to broker transactions between buyers and sellers.
- Crypto trading license in Slovakia: For businesses directly engaged in the buying and selling of cryptocurrencies.
- VASP crypto license in Slovakia: Aimed at providers of virtual asset services beyond simple exchange functions.
Application Process for a Crypto License in Slovakia
The process to acquire a crypto license in Slovakia involves submitting detailed documentation, including business plans, AML policies, and proof of financial stability. Businesses must also demonstrate robust cybersecurity measures to protect consumer data and assets.
Economic Aspects of Crypto Licensing
The crypto exchange license in Slovakia cost is competitive within the Central European region, making it an attractive option for startups and established firms. Companies must consider these costs as part of their strategic financial planning.
Benefits of Acquiring a Crypto License in Slovakia
Securing a license enhances a company’s credibility and facilitates smoother interactions with global financial systems. It also provides legal protection and access to the burgeoning EU cryptocurrency market.
Investment Opportunities in the Slovak Crypto Market
The Slovak crypto market offers significant growth opportunities, especially considering the cheapest crypto license in Slovakia. Entrepreneurs can leverage these opportunities to gain a foothold in the industry at a relatively low entry cost.
Acquiring an Existing License
For those looking for a quicker entry into the market, purchasing an existing crypto exchange license in Slovakia for sale might be a viable option. This approach requires careful due diligence to ensure that the license fulfills all current regulatory requirements.
Conclusion: As Slovakia continues to refine its approach to cryptocurrency regulation, obtaining a crypto exchange license in Slovakia represents a crucial step for businesses aiming to establish a legitimate and competitive presence in the European crypto market. With careful planning and adherence to regulatory standards, businesses can navigate this dynamic sector effectively.
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FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
Does Slovakia grant a license for crypto activities?
Yes. Slovakia grants two types of crypto license depending on the scope of activities that a crypto company is intending to conduct.
How do I get a crypto license in Slovakia?
The first step towards obtaining a crypto license in Slovakia is to establish a crypto company. This procedure is done in collaboration with the Trade Register. Once the company’s certificate of registration is obtained, the company may apply for a crypto license with the Trade Licensing Office.
What are the activities of the crypto license in Slovakia?
When it comes to crypto licensing in Slovakia, there are two types of licenses. The choice between the two depends on the scope of business activities that a crypto company is intending to conduct. The first type of license authorizes e-wallet services, and the second type authorizes crypto exchange operations. The full scope of regulated crypto activities in Slovakia includes:
- Creation of digital coins and the use of blockchain technology
- Cryptocurrency exchange services related to crypto currencies
- Financial consulting services offered to those interested in investing in crypto currencies
- Crowdfunding platforms through which funds can be raised through the sale of cryptocurrency
- Initial coin offerings (ICOs) which raise capital through crypto currencies
- Establishing a network of crypto ATM
How long does it take to get a license?
The total duration of the process can be split into three parts:
- The process of opening a bank account is expected to take at least 2 weeks
- The process of company formation is expected to take around 3-4 weeks
- The procedure of obtaining a crypto license may take around 4-6 weeks
Can non-residents of Slovakia own a crypto company?
Yes. However, the director of a Slovakian crypto company must be a resident in either Slovakia or another EU Member State.
Can non-residents of Slovakia be part of the board of a Slovakian crypto company?
Yes, as long as they are residents of another EU Member State.
Is it necessary to have a banking account to obtain a license?
Yes. Opening a corporate bank account is a prerequisite for establishing a cryptocurrency company in Slovakia. The process of opening a bank account should be expected to last at least two weeks.
What is the minimum authorized capital for a virtual currency service provider?
Irrespective of the type of crypto license that a crypto company aims to obtain, the minimum authorized capital is 5000 euros.
Is it possible to deposit authorized capital in crypto currency?
No. The National Bank of Slovakia does not recognize cryptocurrencies as valid means for current operations.
How is the charter capital of a crypto company paid in?
It must be deposited to the bank account of a crypto company.
When do you need to deposit capital to open a company and obtain a crypto-license in Slovakia?
It is not necessary to deposit the required minimum authorized capital at the moment of the company's registration. This step can be completed at a later time.
What does a crypto company need to apply for a cryptographic license in Slovakia?
In order to successfully apply for a crypto license in Slovakia, a crypto company must complete the following steps first:
- Set up AML/KYC polices required for their crypto oriented activity and company type.
- Appoint a director and AML officer that are residents either in Slovakia or another EU Member State.
- Prepare a clear and detailed business plan.
- Submit the application and register with the Trade Licensing Office.
Why should you get a crypto license in Slovakia?
There are multiple advantages that crypto license holders in Slovakia can benefit from. Firstly, crypto companies that file their taxes correctly may receive a major tax reduction. Financing opportunities are available as well for growth projects. Secondly, Slovenia allows 100% foreign ownership – something that many other EU countries are limiting at the moment. There are no restrictions for foreign employees in Slovakian crypto companies, either.
Are Slovakian crypto currency companies audited?
When it comes to crypto regulations, Slovakia stands out by enforcing strict requirements to regulate crypto businesses. Slovakia allows full disclosure of corporate information to strengthen security protocols and oversight. As a result, all cryptocurrency businesses are subject to regular checks and identification.
Can the director of a crypto company be a non-resident of Slovakia?
Yes. In that case, however, the director of a crypto company should be a resident in an EU member state.
What measures to prevent money-laundering and the financing of terrorism are in place in Slovakia?
Regulatory bodies and tax authorities have full access to information regarding crypto activities and may perform regular checks/audits on crypto license holders in Slovakia. There are further AML/KYC regulations that apply, but they depend both on the type of business and the crypto license that it owns.
What difficulties may arise in obtaining a crypto license in Slovakia?
Slovakia is one of the European countries that don’t prohibit crypto currencies but maintain very strict measures on crypto activities and crypto businesses that operate in the country. In Slovakia, these measures are initiated and enforced by the Financial Intelligence Unit. Given such a strict regulatory framework, violation of local regulations can have tough consequences. This is reflected in the history of crypto businesses that have been suspended or completely closed down due to regulatory violation in the past.
Where can I open a bank account for a Slovakian crypto company?
Crypto businesses in Slovakia are required to open a bank account with a local bank.
Additional services for Slovakia
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