Kazakhstan Crypto Tax

In recent years, Kazakhstan has shown significant interest in the digital economy, actively integrating cryptocurrencies and blockchain technologies into its financial system. This opens up new opportunities for foreign investors who are considering Kazakhstan as a potential jurisdiction for cryptocurrency business. However, as in any other country, understanding local tax regulations is a key aspect.

Tax policy review

Cryptocurrencies are not recognised as legal tender in Kazakhstan, but are actively used for commercial and investment purposes. At the moment, tax regulation of cryptocurrencies is still under development, but there are already certain norms concerning taxation of transactions with cryptoassets.

Taxation of cryptocurrencies

1. Corporate income tax: If a company registered in Kazakhstan engages in transactions with cryptocurrencies, profits from those transactions are subject to corporate tax at the standard rate. In 2021, the corporate tax rate is 20%.
2. VAT: As cryptocurrencies are not recognised as a good or service, transactions involving them are not subject to value added tax (VAT).
3. Income tax for individuals: Income from cryptocurrency trading for individuals is also taxable. The tax rate depends on the total income level of the taxpayer.

Regulatory features

Kazakhstani authorities are actively working to create a favourable regulatory climate for cryptocurrencies and blockchain. In 2020, a law regulating crypto exchanges and defining the legal framework for cryptoasset transactions was adopted.

Conclusion

Kazakhstan is of interest to foreign investors in the context of the cryptocurrency industry not only due to its strategic geographical location, but also due to the active development of its regulatory framework. However, potential investors should carefully study the local tax legislation and monitor its changes to ensure that all cryptocurrency transactions are fully compliant with the requirements of Kazakhstan law.

 Crypto mining tax in Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan is one of the leading cryptocurrency producers in the world due to its natural resources and favourable regulatory environment. As this industry grows, the taxation of mining operations becomes particularly important for both local and foreign investors. This article discusses key aspects of taxation of cryptocurrency mining in Kazakhstan.

Regulatory framework

Kazakhstan’s regulation of cryptocurrencies and mining began to actively develop in 2018. The main legal framework has been outlined in legislative acts that define mining as an entrepreneurial activity subject to taxation.

Taxation of cryptocurrency mining

1. Profit tax: Companies engaged in cryptocurrency mining are liable to corporate income tax at the standard rate of 20%. Profit is defined as the difference between revenue from the sale of cryptocurrency and the cost of producing it, including depreciation of equipment and the cost of electricity.
2. Special tax regimes: Depending on the region of presence and the scale of operations, mining companies may qualify for tax incentives, such as reduced income tax rates or exemptions from certain types of taxes.
3. Electricity tax: One of the key costs of mining is electricity. In 2021, the government of Kazakhstan introduced an additional tax for miners on electricity consumption, the amount of which depends on the volume of consumption and current tariffs.
4. VAT: As cryptocurrency mining is not recognised as a trade, mining operations are exempt from VAT.

Regulatory challenges

The development of cryptocurrency mining in Kazakhstan faces a number of challenges, including the need to strengthen infrastructure, ensure a stable and affordable energy supply, and adapt legislation to the rapidly changing market for digital assets.

Development prospects

The Kazakh authorities continue to work on creating a favourable investment climate, including by revising and simplifying the tax system for cryptocurrency mining. This includes possible tax holidays and the creation of specialised economic zones for miners.

Conclusion

Despite some regulatory and infrastructure challenges, Kazakhstan remains an attractive region for cryptocurrency mining due to its natural resources, geopolitical position and the government’s proactive stance on the development of the digital economy. Foreign investors and companies wishing to do business in this area should carefully review local tax laws and monitor changes to ensure that their operations comply with legal requirements.

How to pay taxes when buying and selling cryptocurrency in Kazakhstan?

Buying and selling cryptocurrency in Kazakhstan is allowed on the digital asset exchanges of the Astana International Financial Centre.

In accordance with Articles 331 and 332 of the Tax Code, income from the sale of digital assets by individuals is treated as property income. When digital assets are sold, capital gains arise irrespective of the period of ownership. Value gain on the sale of digital assets is a positive difference between the sale value and the acquisition cost. Value gain is subject to individual income tax at the rate of 10%.

Individuals must pay taxes independently. At the end of the year, an individual income tax return is submitted in form 240.00, and when entering the general declaration – a declaration of income and property in form 270.00.

Meanwhile, in accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 35 of the Entrepreneurial Code, an individual who does not use labour on a permanent basis has the right not to register as an individual entrepreneur when receiving property income. Accordingly, registration as an entrepreneur is not required when receiving such income.

 Corporate income tax in Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan, as an emerging economy, offers foreign investors an attractive business environment, including an optimised taxation system for corporate profits. Knowledge of corporate taxation in Kazakhstan is a key factor for successful business and investment planning.

Basics of corporate taxation

Corporate income tax in Kazakhstan is regulated by the Tax Code and is 20%. This rate applies to net profit, which is defined as the difference between a company’s income and deductible expenses.

Taxable base

The taxable base includes all income received by a company during the tax period, including sales of goods and services, interest income, dividends and other economic benefits. Special attention is paid to proper documentation of all transactions to confirm their legality and compliance with tax requirements.

Tax deductions and exemptions

The Kazakhstan Tax Code provides for a number of tax deductions that may be utilised by companies to reduce their tax base. These include depreciation charges, production costs and operating expenses that meet certain criteria. Special tax regimes are also provided for innovative projects, IT companies and industries implementing investment projects with significant economic effect.

Specifics for foreign companies

Foreign companies operating in Kazakhstan through a permanent establishment are liable to corporate income tax on a general basis. Those who receive income from sources in Kazakhstan without establishing a permanent establishment are subject to taxation at source with tax withheld by the Kazakhstan tax agent.

Repatriation of profits

Kazakhstan does not levy a tax on repatriation of profits, which makes it attractive to foreign investors. However, consideration should be given to double taxation rules and conditions where a tax treaty exists between Kazakhstan and the investor’s country.

Conclusion

Attention to the details of tax legislation and competent tax planning are key aspects of successful commercial activity in Kazakhstan. A stable tax policy, coupled with incentives and transparent regulation, creates a favourable environment for foreign investors and facilitates the integration of Kazakhstani business into the global economy.

Net wealth tax in Kazakhstan

In the context of global economic trends and practices, net wealth tax, or net wealth tax, represents an important element of the tax system in certain countries. In Kazakhstan, such tax has its own peculiarities and is not applied to corporate assets, but predominantly to the property of individuals.

Basics of the net property tax

The net property tax in Kazakhstan is mainly directed at individuals and their property. This tax is calculated based on the assessed value of property above a certain threshold. The tax rate and the threshold at which taxation begins may vary depending on the region and type of property.

Taxation of property of individuals

Individuals who own real estate, vehicles and other types of property are liable to pay net wealth tax if the value of their property exceeds the statutory threshold. Tax rates vary by property category and location, which requires careful accounting and valuation of assets.

Corporate aspects

Although the main focus of net wealth taxation is on individuals, Kazakhstan companies are also subject to the obligation to account for the value of their assets for other tax purposes, such as corporate property tax. This is a separate category of tax that is levied on corporate assets and depends on their book value.

Planning and optimisation

For effective tax planning, companies and private investors need to keep accurate records of the value of their assets. Professional valuation and correct tax declaration help to optimise tax liabilities and avoid possible tax penalties for undervaluation of assets.

Conclusion

The net wealth tax in Kazakhstan plays an important role in the country’s tax system, particularly with respect to the taxation of personal property of individuals. Understanding this tax and the relevant legislation helps both individuals and corporate entities to operate within the law and manage their tax liabilities effectively. Companies, especially those with significant assets, should pay particular attention to tax planning and accounting to ensure that their tax burden is optimised.

 Capital gains tax in Kazakhstan

Capital gains tax is a significant element of Kazakhstan’s tax system, especially in the context of investment and financial planning for both local and foreign investors. This tax taxes income received from the sale of assets in excess of their original cost. Understanding its features helps to optimise tax liabilities and improve investment returns.

Definition and Objects of Taxation

Capital gains tax in Kazakhstan applies to gains realised on the disposal of assets, including real estate, shares and other securities and intellectual property. The basis of taxation is the difference between the sales price and the original acquisition cost of the asset, adjusted for depreciation and other allowable deductions.

Rates and Terms

The capital gains tax rate varies depending on the type of asset and the status of the taxpayer. For individuals, the rate is 10%, while for corporate entities it is the same as the corporate income tax rate, which is currently 20%. However, there are certain conditions and exemptions, especially for long-term investments, which may allow investors to reduce the tax burden.

Benefits and Exemptions

Kazakhstan provides tax incentives to stimulate investment activity. For example, proceeds from the sale of shares or interests in Kazakhstan real estate companies are exempt from capital gains tax provided that the shareholding exceeded five years. There are also incentives for innovative projects and venture capital investments.

Repatriation of Capital

It is also important for foreign investors to consider capital repatriation rules. Although there are no restrictions on the withdrawal of capital from Kazakhstan, the tax aspects of such transactions must be carefully planned in accordance with local legislation and tax treaties between countries.

Conclusion

Capital gains tax in Kazakhstan is an important factor affecting investment decisions and financial planning strategies. Knowledge of the legislation and opportunities for its optimisation allows investors to significantly improve the efficiency of their asset management. Proper understanding and application of tax incentives and exemptions can significantly reduce the tax burden and increase the return on investment.

 Social security tax in Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan’s social security system is financed through mandatory contributions paid by both employers and employees. These contributions are used for pensions, medical insurance and social benefits. Understanding the structure of these taxes helps companies to properly manage their financial obligations and ensures compliance with tax legislation.

Contribution structure

1. Pension contributions: Employers and employees in Kazakhstan are required to make contributions to the Pension Fund. The rate for employers is 10% of an employee’s salary. Employees also contribute 10% of their salary.
2. Mandatory Social Health Insurance (MSHI): A mandatory social health insurance system has been in place in Kazakhstan since 2020 to improve the quality of medical services. Contributions at the expense of the employer are 2%, while employees contribute 1% of their salary.
3. Social contributions: In addition, employers pay a social contribution of 3.5% of the employee’s salary, which is used to finance state benefits such as temporary disability and maternity benefits.

Specifics of calculation and payment of contributions

Employers are obliged to deduct the relevant amounts from employees’ wages on a monthly basis and transfer them to the relevant funds. It is important to note that the wages from which contributions are made are limited to a maximum amount, which is regularly reviewed by the government. This means that contributions are only calculated on that part of the salary that does not exceed the limit.

Business benefits

The social security system in Kazakhstan provides not only obligations, but also certain benefits for businesses. Such contributions allow enterprises to provide social protection to their employees, which contributes to increased loyalty and labour productivity. In addition, social contributions can be counted as a tax deduction, which is also a financial incentive for employers.

Conclusion

Social security taxation in Kazakhstan plays a key role in ensuring social stability and access to health and social services for the population. Understanding and complying with the requirements to pay the relevant contributions is essential for every company seeking to operate successfully and legally in Kazakhstan. Proper management of these obligations not only helps to avoid potential fines and tax penalties, but also contributes to the creation of a positive image of the company as a reliable and responsible employer.

 Value added tax (VAT) in Kazakhstan

Value Added Tax (VAT) is one of the key indirect taxes in Kazakhstan and occupies a significant place in the government revenue system. This tax applies to most goods and services produced or sold within the country, as well as imported goods. Understanding the mechanisms for calculating and paying VAT is critical for all market participants, from large corporations to small businesses.

Main rates and charging mechanisms

The standard rate of VAT in Kazakhstan is 12%. However, there are certain goods and services that may be taxed at a reduced rate or even exempt from taxation. For example, certain types of medical goods and services and educational services are not subject to VAT.

Registration of VAT taxpayers

Companies whose turnover exceeds the statutory threshold of 30,000 MRP (Monthly Settlement Rate) for any period within the last twelve months are required to register as VAT payers. This requirement ensures that all large market operators contribute to the state budget.

VAT deduction rules

VAT payers may reduce the amount of tax payable to the budget by the amount of VAT paid on purchased goods and services necessary for the performance of taxable activities. This avoids double taxation and contributes to the fairness of the tax system.

Peculiarities of VAT on export

Goods exported outside Kazakhstan are exempt from VAT. This is intended to stimulate export activity and increase the competitiveness of Kazakhstani goods in the international market. Exporters should closely monitor compliance with all documentation requirements to confirm eligibility for the tax exemption.

Tax audits and liability

Kazakhstan tax authorities actively monitor compliance with tax legislation, including VAT payment rules. Violations may result in severe fines and penalties, as well as administrative and even criminal liability. Therefore, it is extremely important for businesses to maintain tax discipline and accuracy in their accounting records.

Conclusion

VAT in Kazakhstan plays an important role in financing government expenditures and supporting social programmes. Every company operating in Kazakhstan should closely monitor changes in tax legislation to ensure compliance and optimise its tax liabilities. Effective VAT management not only facilitates compliance with the legislation, but also enhances the overall efficiency and competitiveness of the business.

 Dividend tax in Kazakhstan

Dividends paid by companies to their shareholders are taxable in Kazakhstan. This aspect of the tax legislation is important for both local and foreign investors seeking to optimise their tax liabilities and maximise the return on their investments. Understanding the terms and rates of dividend taxation helps to properly plan and execute financial transactions in accordance with the laws of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Tax rates on dividends

The standard dividend tax rate for Kazakhstan residents is 5%. This rate applies to all dividends received from Kazakhstani companies. For non-residents, the tax rate is set at 15% as part of the policy to attract foreign investment and prevent tax evasion.

Peculiarities of taxation for foreign investors

Foreign investors should note that Kazakhstan has concluded double tax treaties with many countries. These treaties may provide for reduced tax rates on dividends or even their complete exemption, depending on the terms of the bilateral treaty. Investors are advised to consult with tax advisors to accurately understand the tax consequences depending on their country of residence.

Tax administration and withholding

Companies paying dividends are obliged to withhold tax on dividends at the time of their payment and transfer the withheld amounts to the budget. This simplifies the tax collection process and minimises tax risks for shareholders.

Planning and strategies to minimise tax burden

Effective tax planning plays a key role in managing investment returns. Optimising tax liabilities may include reinvesting dividends, taking advantage of preferential treatment and choosing an asset ownership structure that minimises taxation.

Conclusion

The taxation of dividends in Kazakhstan has a number of peculiarities that both local and foreign investors should take into account. Understanding current tax legislation, as well as taking advantage of opportunities provided by international double tax treaties, will help optimise tax payments and increase net investment returns. Regular consultation with tax specialists and legal entities ensures compliance with all requirements and minimises tax risks.

 Personal income tax in Kazakhstan

Personal income tax (PIT) in Kazakhstan is a key element of the tax system aimed at taxing the income of citizens and residents of the country. This tax is important for both taxpayers and the state budget, as it directly affects the economic behaviour of the population and the distribution of income. Knowledge of the principles of its assessment and payment helps persons subject to taxation to plan their finances correctly and comply with legal requirements.

Personal income tax rates

Kazakhstan has a progressive income taxation scale for individuals, which means that the tax rate increases depending on the level of income. The following rates are in effect for 2021:

• Up to 3 million tenge per year is taxed at a rate of 10%.
• Over 3 million tenge – 15%.

These rates apply to all types of income, including wages, business income, interest, dividends and others.

Tax deductions and exemptions

Kazakhstan legislation provides for a number of tax deductions that individuals may utilise to reduce their taxable income. Among them:

• Standard tax deductions for yourself and dependents.
• Social deductions, including education, medical treatment, home purchase and pension contributions.
• Professional deductions related to business activities.

Specifics for non-residents

Non-residents in Kazakhstan are subject to personal income tax only on income received within the country. The tax rate for non-residents is fixed at 20%, which differs from the rates for residents.

Administration and payment of taxes

Personal income tax is paid in Kazakhstan through withholding by employers from employees’ salaries. Employers are obliged to transfer withholding taxes to the state budget on a monthly basis. Individuals receiving income from other sources not subject to local withholding must independently file a tax return and pay personal income tax.

Conclusion

Personal income tax is an important part of Kazakhstan’s tax system, which provides state budget revenues and regulates the incomes of individuals. Proper understanding and compliance with tax legislation allows individuals to avoid offences and optimise their tax liabilities. Competent tax planning and utilisation of deductions and exemptions provided for by law contribute to the improvement of taxpayers’ financial position and contribute to their economic prosperity

 How do I pay taxes on crypto in Kazakhstan in 2024?

Cryptocurrencies continue to remain in the focus of Kazakhstan’s tax authorities, reflecting the global trend towards tighter control over financial flows in this rapidly growing area. In 2024, taxpayers conducting transactions with cryptocurrencies need to consider a number of important aspects of tax legislation to avoid potential penalties and ensure the legality of their financial transactions. This article provides an overview of the main principles of cryptocurrency taxation in Kazakhstan and recommendations for paying taxes in 2024.

What income from cryptocurrencies is taxable?

1. Cryptocurrency trading: Profits made from buying and selling cryptocurrencies are taxed as ordinary income. The tax rates depend on whether you are an individual or a legal entity.
2. Mining: Income from cryptocurrency mining is also considered taxable and must be declared according to your tax status.
3. Conversions and exchanges: Income derived from the conversion of cryptocurrencies into fiat money or other cryptocurrencies is taxable at standard personal income tax or income tax rates depending on the taxpayer’s status.

How do I pay my taxes?

For individuals

Individuals must include income from cryptocurrencies in their tax return as part of their total annual income. Tax is paid at the rate determined for their tax category. It is important to keep all supporting transaction documents to substantiate the amounts declared in case of audits.

For legal entities

Companies dealing in cryptocurrency transactions are obliged to recognise all income and expenses related to these activities in their accounting records. Profit tax is payable based on the company’s net profit at a rate of 20%. It is important to adequately reflect all cryptocurrency transactions in financial statements.

Tax benefits and features

The Kazakhstan authorities offer certain tax incentives to encourage investment in the digital economy, including cryptocurrency transactions. For example, investment deductions or income tax incentives can be utilised to reduce the overall tax burden.

Conclusion

Taxation of cryptocurrencies in Kazakhstan in 2024 represents an important area for all participants of the digital market. Compliance with tax legislation and payment of taxes on cryptocurrency income ensures the legality and financial stability of your operations. Consultation with tax experts and lawyers is recommended to accurately understand your tax obligations and optimise your tax payments.